Previous studies have demonstrated that these transcription factors play critical roles in various cancers; for example, HINFP shows significant regulatory effects in bladder cancer (Zheng et al., 2022), POU2F2 is linked to lung cancer (Luo et al., 2021), and JUND and FOXC1 are key in colorectal (Chang et al., 2023) and breast cancer (Sizemore and Keri, 2012), respectively. Here, JUND is linked to lung carcinoma.