In the lamina propria, E-cadherin cytoplasmic ectopic expression increased the risk of developing GPL, GSD, and GC by 1.27 (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.21-8.84), 1.82 (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 2.14-36.37), and 1.64 times (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.49-14.47), respectively (Table 3). The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is gastric cancer.