ALB and breast carcinoma: Many inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers were demonstrated as independent prognostic factors in breast cancer, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) (Zhou et al., 2019; Hua et al., 2020; Savioli et al., 2022; Cheng et al., 2024; Zhang & Cheng, 2024).