HMOX1 and liver disorder: Inhibiting ferroptosis has emerged as a promising strategy to slow liver disease progression.38,39 The transcription factor Nrf2 is essential for suppressing ferroptosis by promoting antioxidant defenses through genes such as HO-1 and GPX4, limiting MAFLD severity.38,39 Increasing evidence also suggests that interactions between ferroptosis and the GM contribute to MAFLD pathogenesis.