TNF and infection: Recently, acute inflammatory responses triggered by infections were identified as significant factors influencing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of olanzapine and other antipsychotics.14 Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), released during the acute-phase reaction, suppress the phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, including CYP1A2 and UGTs, as well as drug transporters.