CD8A and neoplasm: The identified subsets include granzyme K (GZMK) + CD8 + effector memory T (TEM) cells characterized by strong CD8 positivity and dominant expression of GZMK among granzyme family genes, and KIR + CD8 + NK-like T cells exhibiting relatively lower CD8 expression levels and elevated expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR family genes), killer cell lectin-like receptors (KLR genes), Granulysin (GNLY) and chemokine ligands (XCL1/XCL2)[27, 35], representing more active anti-tumor immune responses within the tissue.