CTSB and cancer: However, aberrant expression of the cysteine protease CTSB is observed in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurological (Embury et al. 2017; Hook et al. 2009; Kindy et al. 2012), immune (Hashimoto et al. 2001; Van Acker et al. 2002; Yoshifuji et al. 2005), and cardiac diseases (Wu et al. 2015; Wuopio et al. 2018) as well as cancer (Palermo and Joyce 2008; Yan and Sloane 2003).