It has also been found that gut flora coordinates PCOS through the gut microbiota-bile acid-interleukin 22 axis, and that gut flora is involved in the regulation of bile acid-mediated IL-22 production through the GATA3 signaling pathway, which in turn affects ovarian function and insulin sensitivity in PCOS patients [117, 118] (Fig. 2A). Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.