EIF4EBP1 and Hypoglycemia: During chronic hypoglycemia, the fetus of sheep exhibits increased rates of lysine flux and oxidative metabolism, accompanied by elevated muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases FBXO32 and RFP28, as well as greater concentrations of 4E-BP1 (Limesand et al. 2009), which supports the finding that hypoglycemia does not cause changes in fetal protein accumulation or synthesis.