For instance, in clinical practice, monoclonal antibodies that target PD-1 (such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and PD-L1 (including atezolizumab and durvalumab) have shown considerable effectiveness across a range of malignancies, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [101]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.