The results from a phase I/Ib first-in-human study of SAR439459 ± anti-PD1 in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT03192345) revealed decreased TGF-β levels, modulation of peripheral NK cells and signs of conversion of tumor tissue from ‘cold’ to ‘hot’, although additional toxicity was observed [60–62]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.