The results demonstrated that the USP8 inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 combination therapy could significantly inhibit the tumor growth rate (Fig. 9A–C) and increase the proportion of CD3+ T lymphocytes in CD45+ cells, CD8+ T lymphocytes in CD45+CD3+ cells, and the proportion of GZMB+ cells or PRF1+ cells in CD8+ T lymphocytes in the subcutaneous tumor, suggesting the potential application value of USP8 inhibitor in sensitizing immunotherapy of PCa (Fig. 9D). Here, PTPRC is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.