INS and hepatocellular carcinoma: At the in vitro cell line level, it has been reported that exposure of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and multiple rodent pancreatic endocrine cell lines (MIN6, βTC-6, INS1, α-TC1, α-TC3) to the AhR activator TCDD leads to increased β-cell death, suppression of insulin secretion, and subsequently reduced plasma insulin levels [62].