SDC-2 exerts its biological function by inhibiting ubiquitinated degradation of TGF-βR1.In summary, the present study suggests that inhibition of the HPSE/SDC-2 axis can improve the EMT occurring in IC/BPS, which may be a new target for treating IC/BPS. This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR1 and Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.