Previous studies, such as those by Middeldorp et al., employed parabiosis (where a healthy young mouse is connected to an older APP/PS1 mouse model of AD) to demonstrate that exposure to young blood can significantly reduce amyloid-β plaque burden, restore synaptic plasticity-related proteins, and improve cognitive function, such as performance in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests [58]. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.