IL1A and allergic disease: At visit 6 months, important features included clinical factors (e.g. SCORAD (severity of atopic dermatitis), maternal and paternal allergy), human immune factors (e.g. 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and C–X–C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5)), and metabolites (e.g. myo-inositol/galactose/fructose, protocatechuic acid, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide/nudifloramide and citrulline).