MFAP4 and atherosclerosis: Analysis suggests that circulating MFAP4 exhibits bidirectional changes in cardiovascular diseases, decreasing in stable atherosclerosis but increasing in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI patients, indicating that circulating MFAP4 levels depend on the degree of vascular wall calcification and injury in the context of cardiovascular disease.