STAT3 and ischemia: Within the CNS, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway can be activated in response to stimulus conditions, such as ischemia, trauma, and radiation, and is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, inflammatory responses, vascular remodeling, oxidative stress, and cellular autophagy (Li H. et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2021; Zhong et al., 2022).