CSF2 and congenital rubella syndrome: In CRS, macrophages are considered the primary source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), among others (Hao et al., 2020).