CD38 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Moreover, co-expression of CD38 and CD49d was significantly related to shorter PFS in patients receiving BTKi or BCL2i, while targeted therapies showed an impressive protective effect in CD38-CD49d- CLL/SLL patients compared to standard chemotherapy (5-year OS, 100% vs 46%; p=0.0181; Figure 1B).