Therefore, the present study aims to elucidate a more efficacious treatment paradigm by assessing the therapeutic outcomes and safety profiles of treating HCC with MPVTT using helical I-125 seed implant in conjunction with TACE, lenvatinib, and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, against a historical control of helical I-125 seed implant combined with TACE and sorafenib. Here, PDCD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.