Subsequently, we found that the innovative three-order combination by incorporating OHSV2-DSTEFAP5/CD3, GPC3-targeting CAR-T cells (CAR-THN3), and immunotoxins (J80A-PE24) exerted the most potent anti-tumor effect in the mouse HCC model, as evidenced by the smallest tumor volumes at day 42 (Figures 6A, B). The gene discussed is GPC3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.