Leveraging our extensive experience in OV development, we propose to engineer dual-specific T-cell engagers (DSTEs) into OHSV2, specifically targeting FAP to disrupt CAFs theoretically, which could address CAR-T cells resistance from two dimensions or layers mentioned above, thereby achieving a synergistic anti-tumor effect once combined with GPC3-targeting CAR-T cells for HCC. This evidence concerns the gene GPC3 and neoplasm.