Furthermore, the levels of multiple cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, and IFN-γ in the supernatant of the OHSV2-DSTEFAP5/CD3 group co-cultured with cancer cells and fibroblasts, showed a significant increase compared to groups with either cell type alone (Figure 3F). Here, IL4 is linked to cancer.