Figures 3G, H illustrate the five most enriched pathways alongside the corresponding protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks identified in psoriasis and CD, respectively. In Figure 3G, pathways such as allograft rejection, E2F targets, inflammatory response, and interferon responses are associated with hub genes TRAF2, GBP2 and CD274, which are crucial for immune regulation. Figure 3H highlights pathways including EMT, G2/M checkpoint, inflammatory response and interferon responses, with core genes SPP1, IL6, MYC, and HIF1A governing critical regulatory mechanisms. Here, HIF1A is linked to psoriasis.