Although the AAV-PCSK9 model of atherosclerosis has been shown to be an effective way of modeling atherosclerosis, the model can only be used to investigate fibrous plaques and not the effects of spontaneous plaque rupture,114 and it needs the addition of a western or high-fat diet to induce atherosclerotic lesions.43 The gene discussed is PCSK9; the disease is atherosclerosis.