Infections, such as SARS‐CoV‐1, can activate DCs to produce inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6) and chemokines (MIP‐1α, RANTES, IP‐10, MCP‐1, CCL3, CXCL10) (Agrawal et al., 2007; Law et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.