APOE and epilepsy: In individuals carrying APOE ε4 allele, the notable risk of CI reached 32.29 (OR 32.29, 95% CI [5.23, 195.72]) when the disease duration longer than 25.5 years [18]. A longitudinal study showed that older epilepsy patients with APOE ε4 allele were associated with 1.51 (95% CI [-2.26, -0.75], P < 0.001) points faster cognitive decline than expected if epilepsy and APOE ε4 acted independently [19].