Moreover, RT‒PCR analysis revealed that the abundance of key enzymes involved in purine nucleotide metabolism, such as adenyl succinate lyase (ADSL), IMP dehydrogenase 1/2 (IMPD1/2), and GMP synthase (GMPS), was significantly decreased in NDUFS3-knockdown melanoma cells (Fig. 6E). The gene discussed is NDUFS3; the disease is melanoma.