The insulin-mediated suppression of plasma BCAAs was attenuated by 28–33% in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with both individuals with obesity (p=0.040) and lean individuals (p=0.005), while no difference in insulin-mediated suppression of BCAAs was observed between individuals with obesity and lean individuals (p=0.745) (Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.