CSF1 and neoplasm: Chemokines (CCL3/4) and cytokines (CSF-1) involved in monocyte recruitment and M2-TAM maturation, respectively, were associated with unflavoured response to ICIs.35,36 The expression of CD244 has been shown on the surface of tumor-infiltrating monocytes, and it is associated with an immunosuppressive phenotype.37 These CD244 expressing monocytes may be recruited to tumor tissues in response to chemokines like CSF-1, CCL3/4.