Our initial observations align with previously described immune correlates in the TME upon local IL-12-treatment of murine and human GBM: increased i.t. T cells and IFNγ production have been reported upon local CNS expression in transgenic mice56, expression in genetically engineered tumor cells22, viral gene delivery13,33,57 or direct local infusion22,58. Here, IFNG is linked to glioblastoma.