Smad3 knockout in macrophages leads to increased mortality, adverse remodeling, and impaired anti-inflammatory responses post-myocardial infarction.599 Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) coacervate injection significantly attenuated MI injury by preserving cardiac function, reducing inflammation and fibrosis, improving vascular stabilization, and activating phosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor (p-FGFR), PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 pathways more effectively than free FGF10 or heparin united FGF10600 (Fig. 8b). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and myocardial infarction.