CD47 and atherosclerosis: The roles of immunogenic cell death in cardiac disease have yet to be fully defined, and biology-based strategies to inhibit cell death in various cardiac syndromes are also explored.610 In macrophages, ER stress activates the UPR, leading to apoptosis, with the PI3K/Akt pathway providing anti-apoptotic protection; JNK1 opposes Akt signaling, affecting atherosclerosis progression and plaque stability.611 CD47, an anti-phagocytic molecule that makes cells resistant to efferocytosis, is associated with atherosclerosis.