ADIPOQ and chronic kidney disease: Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis contributed to a CKD-associated increase in infarction size and cardiac dysfunction following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI).202 Enhanced MI-/RI-induced apoptosis, infarction size, and cardiac dysfunction in CKD mice reduced cardioprotective adiponectin/AMPK signaling in CKD.145 Inflammation is also involved in increased atrial fibrillation risk in CKD, with a detrimental role shown for the NLRP3 inflammasome.203,204