FGF23 and chronic kidney disease: In contrast to FGF23, αKlotho has cardioprotective effects in uremic cardiomyopathy216–219 but is reduced in CKD.31 αKlotho reduces vascular calcification in CKD220 and also counteracts cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis,216,217 and disturbed myocardial Ca2+-fluxes in uremic cardiomyopathy.153 Furthermore, it has anti-inflammatory effects in CKD on both systemic and local level.221,222 αKlotho also provided protection from the detrimental effects of the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-Cresyl sulfate (pCS) on the heart.223–225