Overall, animal models have enabled the identification of pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cardiac remodeling and HF in CKD.31,108 This has highlighted multifactorial contributions, including neurohormonal activation (including the RAAS, the SNS, and MR signaling), cardiac steroid activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. The gene discussed is NR3C2; the disease is chronic kidney disease.