An excellent diagnostic accuracy of plasma biomarkers of Aβ and tau obtained with ultrasensitive techniques (Pais et al., 2023; Sarto et al., 2023) has recently been demonstrated, and other potential blood biomarkers, including NfL, GFAP, BDNF are of particular interest in the early stages of cognitive decline (Giacomucci et al., 2022; Kim et al., 2023). The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is Mental deterioration.