FOXP3 and rheumatoid arthritis: Five studies reported downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)) in RA, breast cancer, and hypertensive populations [27,30-32,37], while four noted upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), and soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G)) [28,30,32,36].