There are two major pathological alterations of AD, i.e., (1) extracellular lesions of AD refer to senile plaques, comprised by an accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ); (2) intracellular lesions are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), comprised by the excessively phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) (Freitag et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.