Compared with the CON group, the VC and the combined (NAC+VC) groups showed significantly increased expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-P70S6K proteins (p<0.05) (Figure 7), suggesting that VC and NAC+VC may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Yanbian bovine AD-MSCs through activating the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signalling pathway. Here, AKT1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.