TNF and fatty liver disease: Moreover, inhibiting UA with allopurinol significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, reduced the number of activated hepatic stellate cells (Figs. 2B and S1D), and decreased the infiltration of F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the livers of WD-fed mice (Fig. 2, C and D and Fig. S1E).