Because our study revealed that the hospitalized deceased patients exhibited significantly higher levels of SHR, GAGR, GAR, GPR, GUFR, and TyG than the surviving patients, we subsequently conducted additional analysis and comparative studies on AIS patients categorized by disease severity (Fig 2) and clinical complications during current treatments including hemorrhagic transformation, atrial fibrillation, pneumonia, and sepsis (Fig 3). Here, ALDH18A1 is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.