LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: Although the specific molecular mechanism leading to dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal death in PD is not fully understood (Absalyamova et al., 2025), several studies have shown that LRRK2 is associated with increased susceptibility to OS, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell death (Angeles et al., 2011; Heo et al., 2010; Mendivil-Perez et al., 2016; Nguyen et al., 2011; Quintero-Espinosa et al., 2017; Singh et al., 2019; West et al., 2007).