To further elucidate the changes in Cullin 3 protein expression caused by viral infection, we conducted a systematic analysis of the effects of various viral proteins on Cullin 3 expression and observed that the expression of the EV-D68-encoded 3C protease alone induced the appearance of the additional Cullin 3 bands observed during viral infection (Fig. 4E). This evidence concerns the gene CUL3 and viral infectious disease.