Based on the expression of key marker genes-MUC1 (tumor region), LYZ (immune region), COL14A1 (stromal region), and SFTPC (normal region)—we classified the niches into tumor, immune-stromal, and normal regions across all spatial transcriptomic samples (Figures 4B, C, Supplementary Figure S5). This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and neoplasm.