TNF and Anxiety: Additionally, aqueous extracts and water-soluble polysaccharides from P. cocos can prevent the onset of anxiety effectively by improving gut microbiota imbalances, alleviating metabolic disorders, regulating the levels of gut neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, and inhibiting the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway (Zhang D. et al., 2022; Zhang D. D. et al., 2022) (Figure 2).