Strikingly, a roughly one order of magnitude reduction (10-fold, 305 vs. 35 FPKM) in HBA1 RNA activity was detected in the CN of AD specimens, while a 7-fold decrease (305 vs. 46 FPKM) was observed in HBA1 RNA of PD specimens compared to controls (Figure 2j). Here, HBA1 is linked to Parkinson disease.