TNF and Parkinson disease: The gene set analysis (Figures 1c–e) showing a strong link between the TNF pathway and NFE2L2 (NRF2) expression in AD and PD is supported by previous reports (Pajares et al., 2016; Eldesoqui et al., 2023; Ghany et al., 2023; Janahmadi et al., 2023), emphasizing inflammation and oxidative stress (Mohamed et al., 2022).