To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we checked eleven candidate transcription factors with TNF-related gene and hemoglobin gene, HBA1 (Figures 2h–j; Supplementary Figure S3) and found that NFE2L2 encoding NRF2 and NFkb1 were significantly elevated in the CN of AD and that of PD as compared to that of controls (Figures 2f, g), while TNFAIP8L2 was elevated in AD alone (Figure 2h). Here, HBA1 is linked to Parkinson disease.