MALAT1 and cancer: lncRNAs such as MALAT1, a prognostic marker for metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Gutschner and Diederichs, 2012) and H19 enhance tumorigenesis by influencing tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes (Zhang et al., 2022), while other lncRNAs like HOTAIR and DANCR facilitate cancer metastasis through ceRNA networks (Cheng and Huang, 2021), underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cancer prognosis.