MTOR and ovarian cancer: Other potential targeted therapies are also under investigation, with drugs targeting pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, EGFR, Notch, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK in various stages of clinical development (21).Additionally, novel approaches, such as improving drug delivery methods using ligand-modified nanomedicines, are being explored, Ligands like folate, peptides, hyaluronic acid, and antibodies enhance the targeting of ovarian cancer cells by interacting with specific receptors on their surface (22, 23) (Figure 1).