Consisent with these findings, Western blot analyses in CRC tissues and cells demonstrated that NCTD suppressed phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 levels both in vivo and in vitro, confirming JAK2/STAT3 signaling as the mechanistic pathway underlying its antitumor activity (Fig. 6g, h). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.