CSF2 and colorectal carcinoma: Therefore, our findings provided compelling evidence that (1) NCTD induced M1 macrophage polarization and had a convincing anti-CRC effect both in vivo and in vitro; (2) NCTD promoted the accumulation of CSF2 secreted by CRC cells and macrophages and inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to induce apoptosis and suppresses proliferation, invasion and migration in CRC cells.