CD38 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: In addition, using a transcriptomic atlas (https://tanlab4generegulation.shiyapps.io/Tcell_Atlas/)50 of premanufactured T cells from 71 participants with B-ALL, we found that increased Cd38 baseline levels across several T cell subtypes dampened CAR-T cell persistence upon infusion (Extended Data Fig. 6e), suggesting that CD38 is associated with the stemness potential of CAR-T cells.