Aligning with the RT-qPCR results, UGCG and GBA serum levels were significantly higher in the pneumonia and PIS groups compared to the healthy controls, with the PIS group showing a pronounced increase that reached statistical significance over the pneumonia group (P < 0.05) No significant differences were observed in the serum levels of ACER3 among the three groups (Fig. 3B and supplemental information 3. The gene discussed is ACER3; the disease is pneumonia.