Numerous previous studies have established the connection between CTLA-4 and autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves' disease, myocarditis, pancreatitis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes (Sun et al., 2019; Vergara et al., 2024; Khalid Kheiralla, 2021; Lin et al., 2022; Cutolo et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2007; Fathima et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.