Micetreated with CpG@MSN-PEG/PEI@OMVs exhibited reduced expression ofPD-1 and Tim-3 on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, as wellas lower systemic levels of immunosuppressive cytokines, includingTGF-β family members (TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor1) and chemokines responsible for regulatory T cell recruitment (CCL17and CCL22). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.